refraction
Refraction is the bending of a wave as it changes speeds moving from one medium to another. The greater the change in speed, the more the wave will bend.
Refraction can be demonstrated using a prism, which separates white light into different colors based on their frequency. Convex Lenses make an image appear larger. Concave Lenses make an image appear smaller. |
reflection
Reflection is the bouncing back of a wave when it meets a surface that it cannot pass through or be absorbed in. All types of waves can be reflected.
When sound waves reflect it is called an echo. Bats and dolphins use echolocation to locate food.
Plane mirrors and other smooth surfaces reflect light to form clear images. (like the picture at the top of the page)
When sound waves reflect it is called an echo. Bats and dolphins use echolocation to locate food.
Plane mirrors and other smooth surfaces reflect light to form clear images. (like the picture at the top of the page)
transmission
Transmission occurs when waves pass through a medium. Sound waves can be transmitted through solids, liquids, or gases.Transmission of light waves can occur in different ways depending on the material it interacts with.
Transparent materials allow all of the light to pass through, making a clear image. (Window)
Translucent materials allow some of the light to pass through, scattering light and making a blurry image. (Stained Glass)
Opaque materials allow no light to pass through, so no image can be seen. (Wall)
Transparent materials allow all of the light to pass through, making a clear image. (Window)
Translucent materials allow some of the light to pass through, scattering light and making a blurry image. (Stained Glass)
Opaque materials allow no light to pass through, so no image can be seen. (Wall)
absorption
Absorption occurs when a wave does not reflect or transmit through a material. Certain frequencies of light may be absorbed by a medium. If a material absorbs electromagnetic radiation, it becomes warmer, creating infrared radiation.